The entry of Hindu religion in Bali

The end of prehistoric times in Indonesia was marked by the arrival and influence of the Hindu nation. In the first centuries AD until approximately the year 1500, ie by the disappearance of the kingdom of Majapahit periods of Hindu influence. Given the influences of India's prehistory ended the obtainment of Indonesia because the written statement that includes the nation of Indonesia into the era of history. Based on the details found on the inscription to the 8th century AD it be said that the Ancient Balinese historical period covering the period between the 8th century AD to 14th century AD with the arrival of the expedition mahapati Gajah Mada from Majapahit who can defeat the Balinese. Balidwipa name is not a new name, but has existed since ancient times. This can be known from several inscriptions; among them the inscription Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in the year 913 AD who mentions the word "Walidwipa". Similarly from King Jayapangus inscriptions, such as inscriptions and inscriptions Buwahan D Cempaga A's down year in 1181 AD.

Among the kings of Bali, which left many written statement that also mention the picture of the composition of government at the time were Udayana, Jayapangus, Jayasakti, and Children Wungsu. In controlling the government, the king is assisted by an Advisory Board of the Centre. The oldest inscription 882 AD - 914 AD this body is called the "panglapuan". Since the days of Udayana, called the Central Advisory Board with the term "i jro pakiran makabaihan thoughts." This body consists of several people senapati and Siwa and Buddhist priests.

In the inscriptions before the King Child Wungsu mentioned some kind of art that existed at that time. However, new at the time of King Children Wungsu, we can distinguish the type of art into two major groups, namely the palace of art and folk art. Of course, this palace of art terms does not mean that the art was completely closed for the people. Sometimes this art be presented to the community in villages or in other words, art is not the monopoly of the palace of kings.

In the field of religion, the influences of prehistoric times, especially from the megalithic era are still felt strong. Trust in those days to worship emphasized that disimboliskan ancestor spirits in the form of worship building called pyramid or building terraces terrace steps. Sometimes the buildings are placed on top of menhirs, the monolithic stone pillar as a symbol of the spirit of their ancestors. At times it can be seen at Hindu temple building terraces pundan similar to the steps. The belief in the gods of mountains, sea, and others dating back to before the entry of Hindus still reflected in people's lives in the days after the entry of Hindu religion. In the early days until the reign of King Sri Wijaya is not known with certainty Goddess religion in those days. Can only be known from the names of the monks who used elements of the name Shiva, Shiva Piwakangsita monk example, Siwanirmala monks, and monks Siwaprajna. Based on this, the possibility of religion that developed at that time was the religion of Shiva. New in the reign of King Udayana and his queen, there are two schools of major religions embraced by the population, namely Shiva and the Buddhist religion. This description obtained from the inscription, which mentions the existence mpungku prasastinya Sewasogata (Shiva-Buddha) as the assistant to the king.

Traditional Weapon

• Kris
• Spear
• Tiuk
• Taji
• Kandik
• Caluk
• sickle
• Udud
• Gelewang
• Trisula
• Arrow
• Penampad
• Garot
• Tulud
• Kis-Kis
• The presumption
• Beaver
• Blakas
• slicing

Traditional House
Bali house conformity with the rules of Asta Kosala Kosali (the Vedas that govern the layout of the room and building, like Feng Shui in Cultural China)
According to the philosophy of the Balinese people, dynamism in life will be achieved when the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects pawongan, palemahan, and parahyangan. To that end, the construction of a house should include such aspects as we called Tri Hita Karana''''. Pawongan represents the residents of the house. Palemahan means there should be a good relationship between the occupants of the house and its surroundings.
In general, the traditional architecture of the building or area of Bali was always filled with ornaments, such as carving, equipment and provision of color. Ornamental pattern contains a certain sense as an expression of beauty simbolsimbol and delivery of communication. Decorative forms of fauna species also function as ritual symbols that appear in the statue.

Hero
• Lucky Suropati
• I Gusti Ngurah Rai
• I Gusti Ketut Jelantik

food

Entree
• Chicken goby
• Pig rolling
• billy goat
• Be Kokak Mekuah
• Be Pasih mesambel matah
• Duck goby
• Berengkes
• Grangasem
• Jejeruk
• Jukut Urab
• Komoh
• Lawar
• Rice Bubuh
• Rice Tepeng
• Penyon
• Sate Kablet
• Satay wrap
• Sate pins
• Sate turtle
• Sate Plugs
• Timbungan
• Tum
• Order Tabanan

Hawker
Bubuh Sago
• Marrow Bubuh
• Bubuh Fortification
• Jaja Batun Duren
• Jaja Begina
• Jaja Bendu
• Jaja Bikang
• Jaja Engol
• Jaja Godoh
• Squatting Jaja
• Jaja Ketimus
• Jaja Klepon
• Jaja-Lak Lak
• Jaja Sumping
• Tain Buati Jaja
• Tape mission Uli Jaja
• Jaja Diamonds
• Nuts Rahayu
• Rujak please change
• Kuah Rujak Pindang
• Sweet Rujak
• Rujak Tibah
• Salak Bali

Regional apparel

Apparel Bali region is extremely varied, although a cursory looks the same. Each area in Bali has a symbolic and ornamental characteristics, based on activity / ceremony, sex and age of its users. Social and economic status of a person can be known based on the style of clothing he was wearing jewelry and ornaments.

Man
Children wearing udeng Ubud, white shirt and cloth.
Traditional male clothing generally consists of:
• Udeng (headband)
• Kain Kampuh (Woven seam)
• Umpal (shawl fastener)
• kain Wastra (kemben/woven)
• Belt
• Keris
• A variety of jewelry ornaments
Often, too, worn clothes, shirts, jackets, and footwear as a complement.

Woman
The young dancer wearing a noose, prada songket and fabric.
Women's traditional clothing, usually consisting of:
• gelung/sanggul (bun)
• Sesenteng (kemben songket)
• kain Wastra
• prada belt (Stagen), twist your hips and chest
• Selendang songket (shawl) shoulders down
• Kain tapih or sinjang (woven), next in
• A variety of jewelry ornaments
Often kebaya worn, the cloth covering the chest, and footwear as a complement.

Culture

Music

Balinese traditional music has in common with traditional music in many other areas in Indonesia, for example in the use of the orchestra and various other drum instruments. Nevertheless, there are peculiarities in the technique of playing and his composition, for example in the form kecak, which is supposedly a form of singing monkey noises. Similarly, any variety that is played gamelan is unique, for example Jegog Gamelan, Gamelan Gong Gede, Gambang Gamelan, Gamelan Selunding, and Gamelan Semar Pegulingan. Angklung music unisex Ngaben played for the ceremony, as well as Bebonangan music played in a variety of other ceremonies.
There is a modern form of traditional music of Bali, for example Gamelan Gong Kebyar which is dance music that developed during the Dutch colonial period, and Joged tube which became popular in Bali since the era of the 1950s. Typically Balinese music is a combination of various metal percussion instruments (metallophone), gongs, and wooden percussion (xylophone). Because social relations, politics and culture, traditional music of Bali or Balinese gamelan games influence or affect each other in the surrounding cultural regions, such as traditional music community in Banyuwangi and the traditional music of Lombok.
• Gamelan
• Jegog
• Genggong
• Bali Silat

Dance
Balinese dance in general can be categorized into three groups, ie, the guardian or the sacred art of dance performances, dance performances or art bebali for the ceremony and also for visitors, and Balih-balihan or the art of dance for the entertainment of visitors.
Balinese dance connoisseur I Made Bandem in the early 1980s never classify these Balinese dances, among others, who belong to the trustee for example Berutuk, Sang Hyang Dedari, Rejang and Row Gede, bebali among others is to dance, Mask Pajegan, and Wayang Wong, whereas Balih-balihan among others is the Legong, Parwa, Arja, Prembon and Joged, and various other modern dance choreography.
One of the dances are very popular for tourists is the Kecak Dance. Around the 1930s, Wayan Limbak cooperate with German painter Walter Spies to create this dance based on traditional Sanghyang and parts of the Ramayana story. Wayan Limbak popularizing this dance while traveling the world with his troupe of Balinese dancers.

Wali Dancing
• Sang Hyang Dedari
• Sang Hyang Jaran
• Tari Rejang
• Line Dance
• Dance Janger

Bebali Dancing
• Mask Dance
• Gambuh

Dances for the show
• Legong Dance
• Arja
• Joged tube
• Drama Gong
• Barong
• Pendet
• Kecak Dance
• Candidate Charcoal

Transportation

Bali has no railway network but a very good road network is available, especially to the tourist destination areas. Most residents have private vehicles and choose to use it because public transportation is not available with either, except for taxis.
Types of public transport in Bali, among others
• Dokar (buggy), a vehicle by using the horse as an attractor
• Ojek , motorcycle taxi
• bemo, serving in and intercity
• Taxi
• Bus, serving the intercity relations, rural, and between provinces.

Bali connected with Java by ferry service linking the port with the Port Gilimanuk Ketapang in Banyuwangi, a long journey took about 30 to 45 minutes. Crossing to Lombok Island through Padang Bay to the Port of Port of Sheet, which takes about four hours.

Air transport is served by the Ngurah Rai International Airport, with destinations to major cities in Indonesia, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Japan. Runway and aircraft coming and going can be seen clearly from the beach.

Demography

Bali residents about a number of 4 million inhabitants, with 92.3% majority Hindu religion. Other religions are Buddhism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism.
Apart from tourism, the population of Bali is also a living from agriculture and fisheries. Some also choose to become artists. The language used in Bali is Indonesian, Balinese, and the UK especially for those who work in the tourism sector.
Balinese and Indonesian language is the language most widely use in Bali, and as with other Indonesian citizens, most Balinese people are bilingual or even trilingual. Although there are several dialects in the language of Bali, the Balinese people generally use a form of Balinese language intercourse as an option in communicating. Traditionally, the use of various dialects of the Balinese language is determined based on the color of the chess system in Hindu Dharma and clan membership (the term of Bali: soroh, gotra), although implementation of these traditions tend to decrease.
English is a third language (and the primary foreign language) for many of the people of Bali, which is influenced by the great needs of the tourism industry. Those employees who work at tourist information centers in Bali, often also understand some of the foreign language with sufficient competence.

History

The first inhabitants of the island of Bali is expected to come in 3000-2500 BCE who migrated from Asia. [3] Remains of stone tools from this period discovered in the village strangling located in the western part of the island. [4] Age of prehistory and ending with the arrival of Hinduism and Sanskrit texts from India in 100 BC. [citation needed]
Balinese culture and Indian culture have a strong influence, the process is more rapid after the first century AD. Name Balidwipa (island) starts found in various inscriptions, including inscriptions Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentioning the word Walidwipa. It is estimated that around this time that the irrigation system water control system for rice cultivation have been developed. Some religious and cultural traditions also began to develop at that time. Kingdom of Majapahit (1293-1500 AD) who are Hindus and centered on the island of Java, had founded the kingdom of subordinates in Bali around the year 1343 AD It was almost all over the country are Hindus, but as the advent of Islam stood Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, among others, led to the collapse of Majapahit. Many nobles, priests, artists, and others that the Hindu community when it was away from Java to Bali.
Europeans who first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman from the Netherlands in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had previously been stranded near the promontory of Bukit, Jimbaran, in 1585. Dutch East India Company began to implement through colonization in the land of Bali, but continue to get resistance, so until the end of the power of their position in Bali is not as solid as their position in the Java or the Moluccas. Starting from the northern region of Bali, since the 1840s the Netherlands has become a permanent presence, which was initially performed with the pit-lamb of the ruler of Bali that mutual distrust each other. The Dutch made a major assault by land and sea against the Sanur region, and followed by the area of Denpasar. Bali party who lost in numbers and weaponry do not want to experience shame for surrender, thus causing the war to the death or bellows, which involves all the people both men and women including the monarch. An estimated 4,000 people died in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Furthermore, the Dutch governors who ruled only a few gave its influence on this island, so that local control of religion and culture generally remained unchanged.
Japan occupied Bali during World War II, and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali forming forces 'freedom fighters'. Following the surrender of Japan in the Pacific in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish its colonial rule like the situation before the war. This was opposed by the resistance forces of Bali who then use the Japanese weapons.
November 20, 1940, burst Puputan Margarana battle that occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan, Bali middle. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, aged 29 years, led his troops from the territory east of Bali to take the offensive to death in the Netherlands armed forces. All members of the battalion were killed in Bali is everything, and make it as a last Balinese military resistance.
In 1946 the Dutch made Bali as one of 13 areas part of the new State of East Indonesia was proclaimed, named as one of the countries competing for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized Indonesian independence on December 29, 1949. In 1950, officially leaving perserikatannya Bali with the Dutch and the law became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mount Agung eruption that occurred in 1963, had time to shake the people's economy and caused many residents of Bali transmigrate to other areas in Indonesia.
Year 1965, along with the failure by the G30S coup against the national government in Jakarta, Bali and many other areas of crushing occurred against members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia. In Bali, it is estimated more than 100,000 people killed or missing. Nevertheless, events in the early days of New Order until the date of this law has not been successfully expressed. [5]
Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002, a bomb attack in Bali in 2002 at the Kuta Beach tourist area, causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others were injured. Bali bomb attacks in 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach. These events received extensive international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists, and caused the Bali tourism industry facing tough challenges in recent years.

Geography

Bali Island is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands along the 153 km and width of 112 km around 3.2 km from the island of Java. Astronomically, Bali is located at 8 ° 25'23 "south latitude and 115 ° 14'55" east longitude which makes it a tropical climate like the rest of Indonesia.

The highest point is Mount Agung in Bali as high as 3148 m. The volcano last erupted in March 1963. Mount Batur is also one of the mountain in Bali. Around 30,000 years ago, Mount Batur erupted and produced a tremendous disaster on earth. Unlike in the north, the southern part of Bali is by flowing lowland rivers.
Based on the relief and topography, in the middle of the island of Bali lies the mountains that extend from west to east and between these mountains there are clusters of the volcano Gunung Batur and Gunung Agung volcano and no mountain is Mount Merbuk, Gunung Patas, and Gunung Seraya. The existence of these mountains cause by Geographic Area Bali is divided into 2 (two) are not the same part of Northern Bali with a narrow lowland and less slope, and lowland South Bali with a wide and sloping. Bali slope consists of flat land (0-2%) of 122 652 ha of land, undulating (2-15%) of 118 339 ha of land, steep (15-40%) of 190 486 ha, and land is very steep (> 40% ) covering 132 189 ha. Province of Bali has 4 (four) lakes are located in mountainous areas are: Lake Beratan, Buyan, Tamblingan and Lake Batur.
The capital of Bali is Denpasar. Other important places as the center of Ubud art is located in Gianyar regency, while Kuta, Sanur, Seminyak, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua is a place that became a tourist destination, both tourist beaches and resorts.
The total area of Bali Province is 0.29% 5636.66 km2 or area of the Republic of Indonesia. Bali Province is administratively divided into nine districts, 55 districts and 701 villages.

Bali provincial boundaries
north : laut bali
Southern :indonesia Ocean
west :province of east Java
East :Province of Nusa Tenggara barat

About Bali

DEVINISION OF BALI

Bali is a tourist destination in high demand by foreign tourist from across the globe.
Balinese is the name of one of the provinces in Indonesia, and also the name of the largest islands that became part of the province. In addition comprises the island of Bali, Bali province consists of the islands are smaller in the vicinity, namely the island of Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan Island, Nusa Island Ceningan, and attack the island.

Bali lies between Java and Lombok Island. Denpasar is the capital of his province, which lies on the southern island. The majority of the population of Bali is Hindu. In the world, Bali is known as a tourist destination with a unique variety of art-culture, especially for the Japanese and Australian tourists. Also known as Bali island and Pulau Seribu Pura.